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For combinations, determination of fractional inhibitory concentration index was performed. Ergosterol pathway was investigated as a possible PCG antifungal mechanism. Cytotoxicity assays were undertaken on human primary oral keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts incubated with antifungal concentrations of PCG and\/or NYS for 24\u00a0hr.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combination of NYS and PCG increased antifungal efficacy, compared with compounds tested alone. Combinations 4 (PCG\u20106.25\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml; NYS\u20103.9\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml) and 5 (PCG\u201012.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml; NYS\u20101.95\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml) were more effective since they reduced the MIC\u201050 of PCG (50\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml)\u00a0by 8 and 4 times, respectively, increased the candidal inhibition and nullified the PCG cytotoxicity for keratinocytes. PCG antifungal mechanism did not involve ergosterol biosynthesis pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The favorable outcomes for combination of PCG and NYS encourage further testing this therapeutic strategy against\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T22:49:53Z","timestamp":1593038993000},"page":"1810-1819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antifungal activity of Punicalagin\u2013nystatin combinations against\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela Alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Center Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6671-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bella Luna Colombini","family":"Ishikiriama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Milanda","family":"Ribeiro Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Center Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Dias","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry Federal University of Para\u00edba Castelo Branco III Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy Ruiz","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6609-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius Carvalho","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0405-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Ferreira","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7086-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin Hermana","family":"Neppelenbroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1986-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Soares","family":"Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822013005000060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2012.07.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00839-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04089-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2001.tb00216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/137.2.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(87)90101-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800031101"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"M38\u2013A2 reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; 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