{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:28:12Z","timestamp":1785446892137,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis is a potentially malignant disorder commonly seen in Asian countries. In this disease, the mucosa becomes stiff and patients have difficulty in mouth opening, thus affecting their quality of life. Recently, practitioners are focusing on herbal derivatives instead of commonly practiced intralesional steroids for the management of this disorder. Hence, we conducted a network meta\u2010analysis of randomized clinical trials on herbal derivatives to identify the most effective treatment for oral submucous fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic search for articles published in various journals was undertaken through various search engines till January 2020. 14 articles were selected which had performed randomized control trials of herbal derivatives against control\/placebo. Frequentist network meta\u2010analysis was performed using R studio software, and effective treatment ranking was derived.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment ranking was generated, and relative to mouth opening, the most effective treatment was lycopene administered along with vitamin E and the second effective drug was aloe vera gel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This network meta\u2010analysis highlights the efficacy of some of the drugs of herbal origin which can be implemented by the practitioners in the management of initial stages of oral submucous fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T01:39:30Z","timestamp":1594863570000},"page":"1606-1615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Herbal derivatives in the management of mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis\u2014A network meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1601-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roopashri","family":"Rajesh Kashyap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences Mangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4030-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Shanker Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Yenepoya Dental College Yenepoya University (Deemed to be) Mangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(13)60075-1"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"ZE01","article-title":"Curcumin\u2013pharmacological actions and its role in oral submucous fibrosis: A review","volume":"9","author":"AloK A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2014\/3484"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjdre.v4i2.20256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.162311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Harrer M. Cuijpers P. Furukawa T. A. &Ebert D. D.(2019).Doing meta\u2010analysis in R: A hands\u2010on guide. PROTECT Lab Erlangen."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JPBS.JPBS_6_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.200799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.104964"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Use of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: A clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Kaur H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int JMed and Dent Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2019.06.016"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Efficacy of lycopene in combination with Vitamin E in management of oral submucous fibrosis\u2010A clinical prospective study","volume":"3","author":"Nayak A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R","author":"R Studio Team","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21416-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Selvam N. P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Clin Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Management Of Oral Sub\u2010Mucous Fibrosis: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Shevale V. V.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dental Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957450"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"01","article-title":"To determine the efficacy of lycopene as compared to multivitamin preparation in the treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Shukla A. 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