{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:32:25Z","timestamp":1789605145395,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81800967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81800967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To assess the bacterial characteristics associated with intra\u2010oral halitosis among Chinese preschool children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n An epidemiological study was conducted among 273 preschool children (aged 3\u20104\u00a0years) in Shanghai, China, followed by the collection of 16 samples from the tongue coating of caries\u2010free healthy and halitosis participants. The characterization of associated microbial communities was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the MiSeq.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Halitosis was observed in 13.2% of the preschool children. No significant difference in terms of microbial diversity (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0>\u00a0.05) was detected in the control and halitosis groups. The dominant bacterial genera observed in both groups included\n Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Leptotrichia<\/jats:italic>\n . The relative proportions of thirteen species (including\n Leptotrichia sp. HMT_417, Prevotella Pallens,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Alloprevotella rava<\/jats:italic>\n ) were significantly higher in the halitosis group compared with the control group, whereas the distribution of seventeen species from genera\n Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Gemella,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Kingella<\/jats:italic>\n showed a higher abundance in the control group. Further investigation of interactions among species demonstrated obvious differences in two groups, indicating that various microorganisms interact to produce halitosis in preschool children.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Overall, halitosis is associated with multi\u2010microbial mutual interactions. The oral flora microorganisms may exert potentiating or inhibiting effects on each other.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T17:33:31Z","timestamp":1597340011000},"page":"1059-1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Microbiome variations in preschool children with halitosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0401-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4587-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiping","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2647-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70460-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2012.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2003.01804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242008000500007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345940730060701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.558-563.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/27.6.842"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"553","article-title":"Evaluation of halitosis in children and mothers","volume":"25","author":"Lin M. 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