{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:53:46Z","timestamp":1772160826340,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A lifelong gluten\u2010free (GF) diet ameliorates autoimmune diabetes in non\u2010obese diabetic (NOD) mice and most likely in humans. Besides diabetes, NOD mice develop focal sialadenitis, as seen in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS). In humans, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is also linked to SS. Here, we investigated whether a lifelong GF diet influences the immune cell infiltration in the salivary glands and pancreatic islets in NOD mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NOD mice were fed a lifelong (i.e. 13\u00a0weeks) GF or gluten\u2010containing standard (STD) diet. Insulitis and sialadenitis were scored on H&amp;E\u2010stained paraffin\u2010embedded sections of pancreas and submandibular glands. Immune cell specificity and distribution were investigated immunohistochemically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were fewer CD68+\u00a0and CD4+\u00a0cells in submandibular gland areas with focal sialadenitis as well as reduced insulitis and fewer VEGFR2+\u00a0cells in pancreatic islets in mice on GF versus STD diet. The degree of sialadenitis was not significantly lower in GF mice, but sialadenitis and insulitis correlated strongly. Lung weight was lower in GF mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In NOD mice, a lifelong GF diet reduces infiltration of monocytes\/macrophages and T cells in salivary glands and inflammation in pancreatic islets, possibly by reducing VEGFR2, indicating that the linked autoimmune diseases, T1D and SS, may be alleviated by a GF diet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T02:06:46Z","timestamp":1610676406000},"page":"639-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gluten\u2010free diet modulates inflammation in salivary glands and pancreatic islets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4088-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Haupt\u2010Jorgensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The Bartholin Institute Rigshospitalet Copenhagen N Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Groule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Oral Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Reibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Oral Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Buschard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The Bartholin Institute Rigshospitalet Copenhagen N Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-5803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Marie Lynge","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Oral Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3047574"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Oral development and histology","author":"Avery J. 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