{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T02:49:44Z","timestamp":1780109384390,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the in vitro antiviral activity of oral care products containing stabilized chlorine dioxide toward infectious viruses that harbor in the oral cavity. Specfically, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), SARS\u2010CoV, human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E, influenza A (H3N2), rhinovirus type 14, adenovirus type 5, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2 were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Validated in vitro suspension virucidal assays were used. Test product was mixed with the test virus for 30, 60, or 120\u00a0s, neutralized with sodium thiosulfate, serially diluted in dilution medium in a 96\u2010well plate and incubated in a carbon dioxide incubator for 7\u00a0days. The 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose per milliliter was determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two rinses, one oral spray and one fluoride toothpaste showed log reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u20102 ranging from 1.81 to 2.98 and of influenza A from 2.58 to 4.13, respectively, within 30\u00a0s of contact time; similar results were obtained at 60\u00a0s. Further, the Ultra Sensitive rinse showed 0.19, 0.75, 1.58, 1.75, 2.66, and 3.24\u00a0log reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, human coronavirus 229E, rhinovirus type 14, adenovirus type 5, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, respectively, within 30\u00a0s of contact time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stabilized chlorine dioxide containing Cl\u014dSYS\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      oral care products reduced the viral load of multiple viruses within 30\u00a0s. The results warrant further investigation for potential in vivo applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T23:25:04Z","timestamp":1634081104000},"page":"1333-1340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In vitro antiviral activity of stabilized chlorine dioxide containing oral care products"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jaiprakash G.","family":"Shewale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rowpar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Carl","family":"Gelhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRIGlobal  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Ratcliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rowpar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1330-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne L.","family":"Hernandez\u2010Kapila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology Department of Orofacial Sciences University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Types of influenza viruses","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"About adenoviruses","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Human coronavirus types","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Guidance for dental settings: Interim infection prevention and control guidance for dental settings during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010020\u20100190\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An in vitro comparative study determining bactericidal activity of stabilized chlorine dioxide and other oral rinses","volume":"22","author":"Drake D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121\u2010018\u20100200\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010020\u201003549\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Evidence for the microbicidal activity of a chlorine dioxide\u2010containing oral rinse formulation in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Grootveld M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33946-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Kuraji R. &Kapila Y. 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