{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:39:48Z","timestamp":1774528788590,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) entry into the host cells depends on the expression of angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). We investigated the distribution of ACE2\u2010 and TMPRSS2\u2010expressing cells in various oral tissues to identify the underlying mechanism of oral manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the oral mucosa (tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa), trigeminal ganglion, vessels, and salivary glands of 9 Sprague\u2010Dawley rats using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were strongly expressed in the intermediate layer of the squamous epithelia of tongue papillae and buccal mucosa. ACE2\u2010 and TMPRSS2\u2010positive cells were observed in the taste buds of the tongue. Additionally, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were co\u2010expressed in the ductal epithelium and acinar cells of salivary glands. Furthermore, both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were stained in the neuronal cell body of trigeminal ganglia, but not in Schwann cells. Moreover, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed in capillaries, but not in venules\/arterioles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 can spread the suprabasal area of squamous epithelia of the oral mucosa, invades taste bud, trigeminal nerve, parotid gland, and microvessel, resulting in oral manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T13:04:45Z","timestamp":1641733485000},"page":"2456-2464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["ACE2 and TMPRSS2 immunolocalization and oral manifestations of COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7346-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gi Cheol","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Samsung Changwon Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Changwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soo\u2010Young","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyoun Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Samsung Changwon Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Changwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung Un","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology College of Medicine Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Chan","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010il","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eui\u2010Suk","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital  Yangsan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minhyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital  Yangsan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Choon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery College of 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