{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:54:41Z","timestamp":1791831281805,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of topical sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid in the treatment of xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized double\u2010blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia. Patients were assigned equally to test group who received a topical sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid and control group who received a placebo spray. Both groups were instructed to use the spray on demand for 2\u2009weeks. The Summated Xerostomia Inventory\u2010Dutch Version questionnaire (SXI\u2010D) and the unstimulated salivary flow rate were evaluated for all patients at baseline, 2 and 4\u2009weeks after malic acid\/placebo application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 2\u2009week's follow\u2010up, the unstimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly from 0.059\u2009\u00b1\u20090.024 to 0.191\u2009\u00b1\u20090.064 and from 0.055\u2009\u00b1\u20090.026 to 0.078\u2009\u00b1\u20090.032 for test and control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference favoring the test group. SXI\u2010D scores showed a significant decrease from 10.73\u2009\u00b1\u20092.22 to 8.38\u2009\u00b1\u20092.28 in the test group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while in the control group it decreased from 10.62\u2009\u00b1\u20091.75 to 10.23\u2009\u00b1\u20091.48 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid increased the unstimulated salivary flow rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T10:23:29Z","timestamp":1659349409000},"page":"631-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of 1% malic acid spray on diabetes mellitus\u2010induced xerostomia: A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shaimaa A.","family":"Muhamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eglal M.","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha K.","family":"Aboasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6626-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin Y.","family":"Gaweesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-013-9750-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402010000500004"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Effect of saliva stimulants (Hybrin and malic acid) on cervical root surfaces in vitro","volume":"88","author":"Anneroth G.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"e190","article-title":"Effectiveness of a spray containing 1% malic acid in patients with xerostomia induced by graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease","volume":"24","author":"Bardellini E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina Oral, Patolog\u00eda Oral y Cirug\u00eda Bucal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581819883820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2003.00064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.49.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2010.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.18206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-003-0506-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112816"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(99)00060-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133199"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"e586","article-title":"Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus. 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