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Patients often accompany short mandible, ear dysplasia, facial nerve, and soft tissue dysplasia. The etiology of HFM is not fully understood. To organize the possible up\u2010to\u2010date information on the etiology, craniofacial phenotypes, and therapeutic alternatives in order to fully comprehend the HFM. Reviewing the potential causes, exploring the clinical features of HFM and summarizing the available treatment options. Vascular malformation, Meckel's cartilage abnormalities, and cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) abnormalities are three potential etiology hypotheses. The commonly used clinical classification for HFM is OMENS, OMENS\u2010plus, and SAT. Other craniofacial anomalies, like dental defects, and zygomatic deformities, are still not precisely documented in the classification. Patients with moderate phenotypes may not need any treatment from infancy through adulthood. However, patients with severe HFM require to undergo multiple surgeries to address facial asymmetries, such as mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), autologous costochondral rib graft (CCG), orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, and facial soft tissue reconstruction. It is anticipated that etiology research will examine the pathogenic mechanism of HFM. A precise treatment for HFM may be possible with thoroughly documented phenotypes and a pathogenic diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T10:04:50Z","timestamp":1673949890000},"page":"2449-2462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The etiology, clinical features, and treatment options of hemifacial microsomia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Songyuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology  Shanghai 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