{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:23:39Z","timestamp":1790925819350,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the diagnostic delay, the number and type of referrals and the clinical and psychological profile in a wide sample of patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on the disease onset, oral symptoms, type and number of practitioners consulted, misdiagnoses, and the presence of medically unexplained extraoral physical symptoms were recorded in 500 BMS patients. Potential predictors of diagnostic delay were also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean diagnostic delay was 29.71\u2009\u00b1\u200947.19\u00a0months. An average of 2.61\u2009\u00b1\u20091.65 practitioners were consulted by each patient, the most frequent being the general physicians (287; 57.4%), maxillofacial surgeons (111; 22.2%), and otolaryngologists (104; 20.8%). The mean number of misdiagnoses was 3.54\u2009\u00b1\u20091.85. Nonspecific stomatitis, candidiasis, and gastroesophageal reflux were the most common misdiagnoses. Higher age, low education, the presence of dysgeusia, and a previous history of psychiatric illness were predictors of a longer diagnostic delay (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value: 0.028, 0.050, 0.007, 0.034, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lack of knowledge among specialists, the high rate of misdiagnosis, and the diagnostic delay of BMS highlight the need to introduce educational interventions in all medical specialties in order to promote an early and appropriate diagnosis, thereby improving the prognosis and quality of life of the patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T08:12:10Z","timestamp":1677226330000},"page":"1543-1554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Burning mouth syndrome: Analysis of diagnostic delay in 500 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Adamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0739-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Calabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences School of Dentistry University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4610-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Canfora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0030-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Pecoraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1019-9212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"D'Aniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences University Federico II of Naples  Naples 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