{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:00Z","timestamp":1772160840544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81371162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81371162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT\/A) effectively treats sialorrhea. Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are essential for salivary secretion. The role of MECs in BoNT\/A\u2010inhibited salivary secretion, and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BoNT\/A was injected into rat submandibular glands (SMGs). At 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12\u2009weeks postinjection, salivary flow rate of SMGs was measured. Electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis were used to detect morphological and functional changes in MECs and chemical denervation in SMGs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BoNT\/A temporarily decreased salivary secretion in rat SMGs and this inhibitory effect lasted 4\u2009weeks. During the inhibitory period, MECs atrophied and expressed reduced \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010SMA), vimentin, and phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (p\u2010MLC2), suggesting that BoNT\/A attenuated MEC contractility. Furthermore, BoNT\/A cleaved synaptosome\u2010associated protein 25 (SNAP\u201025) and decreased the expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), indicating that BoNT\/A\u2010induced chemical parasympathetic denervation of SMGs by cleaving SNAP\u201025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BoNT\/A temporarily caused MEC atrophy and decreased MEC contractility in rat SMGs, which contributed to reversible inhibition of salivary secretion. The underlying mechanisms involved temporary parasympathetic denervation caused by SNAP\u201025 cleavage. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of BoNT\/A\u2010inhibited salivary secretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T09:54:24Z","timestamp":1679910864000},"page":"1163-1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Alteration of myoepithelial cells during botulinum toxin type\u00a0A\u2010inhibited salivary secretion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4729-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wangfujing General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huabing","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wangfujing General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2126-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7657-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology  Beijing 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