{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:18:49Z","timestamp":1787015929184,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002739","name":"Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u20107\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u20107\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between self\u2010reported periodontitis and the senses of taste and smell among employees of one Danish and two American universities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected through a digital survey. A total of 1239 individuals from Aarhus University \u2013 Denmark, the University of Iowa, and the University of Florida \u2013 USA were included. Self\u2010reported periodontitis was the exposure. The perceived senses of taste and smell were the outcomes and were measured through a visual analog scale (VAS). Self\u2010perceived halitosis was the mediator. Confounders were age, sex, income, education, xerostomia, COVID\u201019, smoking, body mass index, and diabetes. The total effect was decomposed into direct and indirect using a counterfactual approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total effect of periodontitis on an impaired sense of taste was OR 1.56 (95% CI [1.02, 2.09]), of which 23% was mediated by halitosis (OR 1.13; 95% CI [1.03, 1.22]). Additionally, individuals with self\u2010reported periodontitis had a 53% higher chance of having impaired smell (OR 1.53; 95% CI [1.00, 2.04]), with halitosis mediating 21% of the total effect (OR 1.11; 95% CI [1.02, 1.20]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that periodontitis is associated with distorted senses of taste and smell. Additionally, this association appears to be mediated by halitosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T03:56:18Z","timestamp":1682654178000},"page":"1516-1524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Self\u2010reported periodontitis association with impaired smell and taste: A multicenter survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2976-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Schertel\u00a0Cassiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry University of Florida  Florida Gainesville USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Anselmo","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore  Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Oral Health ACP Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Pontifical Catholic University of Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Fj\u00e6ldstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Flavour Clinic  Holstebro Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine Case Western Reserve University  Ohio Cleveland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo G.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore  Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Oral Health ACP Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.160196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2020.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318155a4b9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12535"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010002\u20100169\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13615"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Smell and taste disorders: A primary care approach","volume":"61","author":"Bromley S. 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