{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:48:55Z","timestamp":1747187335188,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81700991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salivary gland injury is one of the most common complications of radiotherapy in head\u2010and\u2010neck cancers. This study investigated the mechanism by which rapamycin prevents irradiation (IR)\u2010induced injury in the parotid glands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Miniature pigs either received (a) no treatment (NT), (b) IR in the right parotid gland for 5 consecutive days (IR), or intraperitoneal administration of rapamycin (Rap) 1\u2009h prior to IR (IR\u2009+\u2009Rap). Tissues were collected at three distinct time points (24\u2009h, 4\u2009weeks, and 16\u2009weeks) after IR. Histological analyses, western blot, and real\u2010time reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction were performed to explore the mechanisms of IR\u2010induced injury in the parotid gland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapamycin treatment maintained parotid salivary flow 16\u2009weeks post\u2010IR, preserved the number of acinar cells, and reduced parotid tissue fibrosis, as well as reduced apoptosis levels, decreased cleaved caspase\u20103 expression, and increased the Bcl\u20102\/Bax ratio in the parotid glands. Autophagy marker LC3B was upregulated by rapamycin after IR, while P62 expression was downregulated. Rapamycin reduced the expression of pro\u2010inflammatory factors and the mesenchymal tissue fibrosis following IR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapamycin maintains gland homeostasis after IR by decreasing apoptosis, reducing the expression of pro\u2010inflammatory factors, and enhancing autophagy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T18:35:13Z","timestamp":1712169313000},"page":"5050-5061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapamycin alleviates irradiation\u2010induced parotid injury by enhancing the whole gland homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University  Beijing 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