{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:20:16Z","timestamp":1787242816220,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine (CQ) are effective for the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was conducted in four databases. Clinical studies investigating the effect of HCQ\/CQ in patients with OLP were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven studies were included. Four were RCTs and seven quasi\u2010experimental studies. The studies included 390 patients diagnosed with OLP, of which 326 and 7 received HCQ and CQ, respectively. 46 patients received topical dexamethasone, 5 placebo and 6 griseofulvin as controls. Five studies assessed pain, and all of them obtained pain reduction with the use of HCQ. Six studies reported objective clinical improvement of OLP with the use of HCQ. Five studies that used a subjective scale obtained that 24%\u2013100% of the patients achieved a complete\/almost complete improvement of OLP lesions and its symptomatology. The most frequent side effects were vision problems, gastric discomfort, rash, nauseas, headaches, skin pigmentation, and elevated kidney function. 17 patients had to withdraw from the studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current evidence is scarce to confirm HCQ as a therapeutic option for OLP. More RCTs are needed to compare its efficacy with topical corticosteroids and to evaluate whether HCQ reduces relapses of OLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T03:03:22Z","timestamp":1715223802000},"page":"4098-4112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Efficacy of antimalarials in oral lichen planus: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rosana","family":"Tillero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry Complutense University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry Complutense University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5080-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito Carlo Alberto","family":"Caponio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry Complutense University  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry Complutense University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry Complutense University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Pintor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry Complutense University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.10.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of hydroxychloroquine and griseofulvin in the treatment of lichen planus","volume":"20","author":"Bhuiyan I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221129774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000517971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2023.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X211073001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2020.1817479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190\u20109622(93)70082\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/styx9u"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.1","author":"Higgins J. 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