{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:53:59Z","timestamp":1772160839709,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Idiopathic halitosis is occasionally encountered in clinical practice, yet with scarce reports. This work aimed to investigate its features and potential association with low\u2010grade systemic inflammation (LGSI).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective study reviewed idiopathic halitosis from 2469 halitosis patients and compared them with 63 healthy controls (HCs). Organoleptic score (OLS), exhaled volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), serum inflammatory cytokines, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO\n 200<\/jats:sub>\n ) to indicate LGSI were determined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Totally, 54 (2.19%) idiopathic halitosis patients were identified and they were extraoral. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was found to be the primary exhaled VSC. Inflammatory cytokines were slightly elevated in 5.56% (3\/54) of idiopathic halitosis compared to none of HCs (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.095). FeNO\n 200<\/jats:sub>\n was elevated in 79.63% (43\/54) of idiopathic halitosis compared to none of HCs (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), with a sensitivity of 79.63% and specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of idiopathic halitosis. The FeNO\n 200<\/jats:sub>\n level had positive correlations with OLS (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.871) and DMS level (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.485).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Idiopathic halitosis is a rare condition which is closely associated with LGSI and possibly caused by unexplored extraoral pathologies. FeNO\n 200<\/jats:sub>\n is recommended for its diagnosis with a high diagnostic power.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T23:54:22Z","timestamp":1730073262000},"page":"1358-1364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Features of Idiopathic Halitosis and Its Association With Low\u2010Grade Systemic Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Dan Ping","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Minhang Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye Kan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Minhang Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6559-0596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao Xian","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Halitosis Clinic and Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"},{"name":"No.3 Internal Medicine Department People's Hospital of Daguan County Zhaotong Yunnan Province 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