{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:05:09Z","timestamp":1777727109688,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reports on stress\u2010associated halitosis are scarce and have only focused on intraoral halitosis. This work aimed to study stress\u2010associated extraoral halitosis (EOH) and further investigate its potential association with stress\u2010induced intestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 664 white\u2010collar employees with self\u2010reported stress\u2010associated halitosis. They underwent the organoleptic score (OLS) to assess halitosis, modified Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) score to assess job stress, OralChroma breath test to measure volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in breath, and hydrogen\/methane breath test (HMBT) and nitric oxide breath test (NOBT) to detect intestinal inflammation. They were classified into high\u2010stress and low\u2010stress groups based on their modified BJSQ score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Totally, 106 eligible patients were identified as having stress\u2010associated EOH, and 61 of them had high stress. Additionally, 70 (66.04%) and 73 (68.87%) of them tested positive for HMB and NOBT, respectively. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was found to be the predominant VSC in breath. High\u2010stress patients had significantly higher positivity rates for HMBT and NOBT, OLS, and exhaled DMS levels compared to low\u2010stress patients. HMBT\u2010positive patients and NOBT\u2010positive patients had significantly higher OLS and exhaled DMS levels compared to their respective negative counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Job stress can lead to intestinal inflammation and subsequent gut\u2010originated EOH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T23:58:38Z","timestamp":1730073518000},"page":"1365-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Job Stress Can Lead to Intestinal Inflammation and Subsequent Gut\u2010Originated Extraoral Halitosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xiao Xia","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Minhang Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui Jie","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Minhang Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6559-0596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao Xian","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Halitosis Clinic and Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"No. 3 Internal Medicine Department People's Hospital of Daguan County  Zhaotong Yunnan Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406\u2010710ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752\u20107163\/ab944d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.3.2107017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2013.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR\u20102011\u20101251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2023.100579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010023\u201005292\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2022.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601\u20100825.2011.01890.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm22187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752\u20107155\/2\/1\/017010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.12.026"}],"container-title":["Oral 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