{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:36:57Z","timestamp":1792791417695,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010pretreated primary periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC)\u2010derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (L\u2010PDLSC\u2010EVs) on periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PDLSCs were obtained from mouse periodontal ligaments via enzymatic digestion. An in\u00a0vitro inflammatory microenvironment for PDLSCs was established using LPS, and L\u2010PDLSC\u2010EVs were isolated through ultracentrifugation and identified. EVs from different treatments were co\u2010incubated with RAW264.7 macrophages (M\u03c6s) or periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLFs) and their co\u2010cultures, whereafter the biological behaviors in M\u03c6s and PLFs were evaluated. Periodontitis mouse models were established to verify the role of L\u2010PDLSC\u2010EVs and the mechanisms involved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no significant changes in the characteristics of L\u2010PDLSC\u2010EVs compared with control EVs. L\u2010PDLSC\u2010EVs promoted M1\u2010type M\u03c6 polarization and activated the nucleotide\u2010binding oligomerization domain, leucine\u2010rich repeat, and pyrin domain\u2010containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Furthermore, L\u2010PDLSC\u2010EVs promoted PLF cytotoxicity and apoptosis by enhancing the M1 polarization of M\u03c6s. In periodontitis mouse models, L\u2010PDLSC\u2010EVs facilitated alveolar bone loss, PLF injury, and inflammatory responses, accompanied by an increased proportion of M1\u2010type M\u03c6s and reinforced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>L\u2010PDLSC\u2010EVs promoted PLF injury and exacerbated periodontitis through activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting the polarization of M1\u2010type M\u03c6s, providing novel insights for the periodontitis progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T16:09:31Z","timestamp":1733760571000},"page":"1277-1289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles From\n                    <scp>LPS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Treated\n                    <scp>PDLSCs<\/scp>\n                    Induce\n                    <scp>NLRP3<\/scp>\n                    Inflammasome Activation in Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yeke","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Medicine Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Medicine Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Chengdu 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University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7831-8196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunfei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 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