{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:16:27Z","timestamp":1788210987847,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n This case\u2013control study aimed to investigate the prevalence of\n \n Entamoeba gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n subtypes ST1 and ST2 kamaktli in dental plaque samples from individuals referred to Shokri Dental Hospital in Tehran, Iran.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifty\u2010three participants were selected for each group (periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy control), resulting in a total of 159 dental plaque samples. The participants completed a questionnaire to assess risk factors for\n \n Entamoeba gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n infection. Total genomic DNA was extracted via a commercial kit.\n \n Entamoeba gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n subtypes were characterized using nested PCR and DNA sequencing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The overall prevalence of\n \n Entamoeba gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n was 17.6% (28\/159). The periodontitis group had the highest prevalence (28.3%, 15\/53), followed by gingivitis (17.0%, 9\/53) and healthy individuals (7.5%, 4\/53). Statistical analysis revealed that the prevalence of\n \n Entamoeba gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n was significantly greater in periodontal patients than in healthy individuals (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.045). A lower level of education (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.007) and lack of dental flossing (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.000) were significantly associated with higher prevalence. Nested PCR and DNA sequencing identified\n \n Entamoeba gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ST1 in 75% (21\/28) and ST2\u2010Kamaktli variants in 25% (7\/28) of positive samples.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Higher\n \n Entamoeba gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n prevalence in periodontal disease suggests it may contribute to oral pathologies. Understanding risk factors like flossing can enhance prevention and treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T01:15:36Z","timestamp":1748308536000},"page":"2954-2963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Case Control Study to Assess Frequency, Risk Factors and Genetic Diversity of\n \n Entamoeba gingivalis<\/i>\n <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0717-6044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elahe","family":"Tahmasebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1072-9682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Ghanimatdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8612-1468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira","family":"Hajisadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8593-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Rafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosef","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0386-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Jafari Nodoushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1793-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Khedmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1752-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47372\/ejua\u2010ba.2023.1.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37506\/ijfmt.v14i3.10804"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.qi.a43948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639\u2010022\u201001551\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2022.e00275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686\u2010021\u201000423\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211004498"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520901738"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Oral Cavity Protozoa (Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax) Among Patients With Dental Cavity Caries","volume":"6","author":"Behzadian M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00379"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/80.3.380"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Incidence of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in Samples of Dental Biofilm and Saliva From Patients With Periodontal Disease","volume":"59","author":"Junior R. 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