{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:35:14Z","timestamp":1791855314210,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oral leukoplakia is a white plaque with an increased risk of malignant transformation. Despite available treatment options such as active surveillance, surgical excision, laser ablation, and topical or systemic therapies, there is still a risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. We reviewed all randomized controlled trials on oral leukoplakia published in PubMed from 2014 to 2024 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097) to identify emerging treatment strategies. These studies assessed the efficacy of topical\n                    <jats:italic>Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    , curcumin, beta\u2010carotene with vitamin C, scalpel excision, carbon dioxide and diode laser ablation, and photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. Some interventions showed reductions in lesion size or short\u2010term recurrence, but none proved effective in preventing long\u2010term recurrence or malignant transformation. Data remain limited, and further rigorously designed, large randomized controlled trials are needed to guide potential new management approaches for oral leukoplakia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T02:08:28Z","timestamp":1748916508000},"page":"3034-3038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Randomized Controlled Trials for Oral Leukoplakia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5568-3595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Lodolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orofacial Sciences School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Valor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Oncology and Dentistry Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1966-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orofacial Sciences School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Oncology and Dentistry Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Comparison of Effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Extract Gel (2%) with Retino A (0.1%) Cream for Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia: Double Blinded Randomized Control Trial","volume":"43","author":"Ansari S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gulf Journal of 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