{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:59:24Z","timestamp":1787237964791,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deep learning\u2010based segmentation system is proposed that exploits three variants of YOLOv11 architecture, namely YOLOv11n\u2010seg, YOLOv11s\u2010seg, and YOLOv11m\u2010seg for automated detection and localization of the oral disease conditions from photographic intraoral images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dataset has been created by combining publicly available data from sources like Roboflow resulting in an initial version (v1) having 582 images annotated at the pixel level. To mitigate class imbalance issues as well as increase generalization capability by the model, progressively this dataset was augmented to create version 2 (v2) and then further extended into version 3 (v3). Training was done in three separate stages: Feature extraction, partial fine\u2010tuning, and full fine\u2010tuning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>YOLOv11m\u2010seg model performed best in the partial fine\u2010tuning phase with results of box mAP@50\u2009=\u20090.521 and mask mAP@50\u2009=\u20090.500. Training was done on Google Colab's free tier using an Intel Xeon CPU with 13\u2009GB RAM, 15\u2009GB T4 GPU, and 120\u2009GB storage allowance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For application, the best performing model was exported to ONNX format with NMS enabled and deployed as a fully client\u2010side responsive web app built in React.js and ONNX Runtime Web. The tool enables both clinicians and non\u2010experts to detect oral diseases from intraoral images with a single click.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T03:25:06Z","timestamp":1762745106000},"page":"791-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>OralSegNet<\/scp>\n                    : An Approach to Early Detection of Oral Disease Using Transfer Learning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Pranta","family":"Barua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Rakibul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP)  Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Software Engineering Daffodil International University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmud Uz","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University  Al\u2010kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Alenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University  Al\u2010kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawaz","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University  Al\u2010kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda","family":"Abutayyem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio\u2010Allied Health Sciences Research, College of Dentistry Ajman University  Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3296-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maher","family":"Al Shayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio\u2010Allied Health Sciences Research, College of Dentistry Ajman University  Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruba","family":"Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio\u2010Allied Health Sciences Research, College of Dentistry Ajman University  Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrine A.","family":"Elsahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio\u2010Allied Health Sciences Research, College of Dentistry Ajman University  Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry Jouf University  Sakaka Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals  Chennai India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Daffodil International University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15070899"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84737-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10080911"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng C.\u2010C. T.\u2010C.Hsung G.\u2010H.Li I. M.Tew W. L.Lo andW. Y. H.Lam.2024.\u201cDeveloping Automated Photographic Detection of Gum Diseases Using Deep Neural Networks for Mobile Devices.\u201dInProceedings of the 2024 6th International Conference on Software Engineering and Development 57\u201363.","DOI":"10.1145\/3686614.3686621"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","unstructured":"Dwyer B. J.Nelson T.Hansen et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cRoboflow (Version 1.0).\u201d[Software].https:\/\/roboflow.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.26.373"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"A Clinical Analysis of Surgically Managed Mandibular Fractures: Epidemiology, Clinical Profile, Patterns, Treatments, and Outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Enezei H. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11030347"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14123777"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14040805"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69125-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02119-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"Jocher G. A.Chaurasia andJ.Qiu.2024.\u201cUltralytics YOLO11.\u201dhttps:\/\/docs.ultralytics.com\/models\/yolo11."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96091-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02589-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12071518"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15020231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","unstructured":"Roboflow Universe.2024.\u201cDental Gum Diseases Dataset.\u201dRoboflow Universe."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","unstructured":"Roboflow Universe.2025a.\u201cseg2 Dental_Project Dataset.\u201dRoboflow Universe."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","unstructured":"Roboflow Universe.2025b.\u201cPranta OralCure_Dataset.\u201dRoboflow Universe."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20075351"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70311-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02237-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2023.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06684-2"}],"container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.70135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/odi.70135","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.70135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:28:06Z","timestamp":1777436886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/odi.70135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/odi.70135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.70135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ODI.70135\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ODI.70135\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ODI.70135\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ODI.70135\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ODI.70135\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ODI.70135\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ODI.70135\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/ODI.70135\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1354-523X","1601-0825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-523X","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-0825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}