{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:32:43Z","timestamp":1791844363759,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82205200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82205200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017549","name":"Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023Z205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Z205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasonography is widely used to evaluate salivary gland involvement in primary Sj\u00f6gren's disease (SjD). However, distinguishing SjD\u2010related dry mouth from idiopathic xerostomia (IX) remains challenging. This study evaluates whether elastography, an advanced ultrasonographic technique measuring gland stiffness, can improve differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this retrospective study, 192 patients diagnosed with SjD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200983) or IX (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009109) were assessed for xerostomia severity and underwent conventional, Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography (SWE) of salivary glands. Additional SjD\u2010related indicators, including serological and pathological markers, were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified key differentiators, and generalized additive model (GAM) examined nonlinear associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SjD patients showed significantly higher parotid gland stiffness (23.9\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009kPa) compared to IX patients (15.1\u2009\u00b1\u20096.7\u2009kPa,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Additionally, submandibular gland homogeneity and parotid stiffness were independent predictors of SjD. Multivariate analysis revealed parotid stiffness as the strongest factor associated with SjD (OR\u2009=\u20091.152 per kPa increase, 95% CI: 1.080\u20131.241). GAM analysis revealed a nonlinear exposure\u2010response pattern, with the modeled proportion of SjD reaching approximately 50% at a parotid stiffness of 17.7\u2009kPa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parotid gland stiffness shows promise as a clinical tool for distinguishing SjD from IX.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:23:05Z","timestamp":1768292585000},"page":"1631-1641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Gland Stiffness in Primary Sj\u00f6gren's Disease and Idiopathic Xerostomia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9119-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Liwah Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8005-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven Eric","family":"Niklander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry Universidad Andres Bello  Vi\u00f1a del Mar Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6618-9155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiwen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/93120352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2021.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075\u2010015\u20100657\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010012\u20102495\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318801673"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD\u20102011\u201011021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271X15626611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen\u20102020\u2010001516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201045230\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.12.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/33081866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S284763"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1421436"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702514"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.56.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13060961"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12081963"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100714.1999.tb02045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.052647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen\u20102016\u2010000364"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2014.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075\u2010025\u201003642\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21591"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2022.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.7.900"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296\u2010022\u201005120\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The Xerostomia Inventory: A Multi\u2010Item Approach to Measuring Dry Mouth","volume":"16","author":"Thomson W. 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