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This study aimed to characterize clinically isolated oral pathogens and assess the antibiotic resistance and virulence of predominant strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical samples were collected from patients at a tertiary oral specialty hospital in Southwest China between 2018 and 2023, including secretions, sputum, pus, blood, and other oral\u2010related specimens from patients with oral\/maxillofacial tumors, jaw fractures, malocclusion, and fascial space infections.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , the most frequent isolate, was analyzed for patient demographics, resistance genes, and virulence factors. Selected strains were inoculated into mice to assess their effects on gut homeostasis via histopathology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most prevalent oral pathogens were\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Most\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Nineteen carbapenem\u2010resistant (CRKP) and 21 non\u2010CRKP strains were further analyzed. Among CRKP isolates,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>KPC\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      was the dominant carbapenemase gene. In\u00a0vivo experiments demonstrated that clinical\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      strains could colonize the gut and impair intestinal integrity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is frequently detected in oral oncology and trauma settings, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance of CRKP strains with enhanced virulence potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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