{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T16:30:37Z","timestamp":1792773037930,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the oral bacterial and fungal microbiota of symptomatic oral lichen planus patients undergoing topical corticosteroid therapy and to explore microbial patterns potentially associated with subsequent oral candidiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve patients with clinically and histologically confirmed OLP were enrolled. Unstimulated saliva and tongue dorsum swabs were collected at baseline and weekly for three weeks during betamethasone therapy. Bacterial communities were profiled using shallow shotgun metagenomics analyzed with METAnnotatorX2, and fungal communities through ITS sequencing and QIIME 2 workflows. Beta\u2010diversity analyses assessed the effects of time, clinical variables, and later candidiasis development. Associations between bacterial taxa and\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance were evaluated using Spearman correlations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oral candidiasis developed in three patients (25%). Microbiota composition showed marked inter\u2010individual variability but high intra\u2010subject stability, with no consistent shifts linked to corticosteroid therapy. Commensal taxa such as\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      were negatively associated with candidiasis and Candida abundance, whereas anaerobic species including\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Prevotella multiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnoanaerobaculum gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      displayed positive correlations with fungal proliferation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite overall stability of the oral microbiota during therapy, specific bacterial signatures were associated with subsequent\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      overgrowth. These findings suggest that cross\u2010kingdom interactions may influence susceptibility to corticosteroid\u2010associated candidiasis and warrant validation in larger cohorts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:34:53Z","timestamp":1773808493000},"page":"2323-2333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metagenomic Evaluation of Oral Microbiota in Patients Affected by Oral Lichen Planus: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9708-8396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Dormiente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1744-2214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Mancabelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4875-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5927-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Longhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0620-9222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Mergoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7827-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma  Parma 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