{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T11:02:19Z","timestamp":1780138939747,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cumulative evidence from meta\u2010analyses on interventions for oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) remains uncertain in terms of strength, precision, and quality. This umbrella review synthesizes the current evidence on available interventions and assesses the certainty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Scopus, Epistemonikos, and CINAHL for meta\u2010analyses on OSF interventions. The effect sizes of the outcome measures were used to assess the credibility employing a random\u2010effects model, and the evidence quality was analyzed using the GRADE criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine meta\u2010analyses encompassing 64 randomized controlled trials were included, detailing 72 associations between available interventions and health outcomes in OSF. Only 17 of the 72 assessed associations were statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Lycopene was shown to be statistically effective in improving mouth opening in both the short\u2010term (1\u20133\u2009months) and long\u2010term (6\u2009months) follow\u2010ups. The evidence regarding other interventions and outcomes remains inconclusive. Using GRADE, 9 associations were supported by low\u2010quality evidence. The remaining 63 associations were substantiated as very low\u2010quality evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No pharmacological intervention for oral submucous fibrosis is supported by evidence exceeding low certainty, with most evidence rated as very low certainty. This underscores the need for robust long\u2010term studies on other interventions rather than additional meta\u2010analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T10:39:16Z","timestamp":1780137556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: An Umbrella Review of Meta\u2010Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4279-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya","family":"Gopinath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry Ajman University  Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng Yung","family":"On","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical University  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajesh K.","family":"Veettil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy IMU University  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7061-7378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. M.","family":"Tilakaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2019.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152812803590028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2022.35.2.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14718"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12081272"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70054"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2020.101471"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2020.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010018\u20100695\u20108"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090857","article-title":"Overview of Salvia miltiorrhiza as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Various Diseases: An Update on Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action","volume":"9","author":"Jung I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101600"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600727"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12715"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1660678"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2012_2163","article-title":"Lycopene as a Guardian of Redox Signalling","volume":"59","author":"Palozza P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biochimica 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