{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T05:59:15Z","timestamp":1781330355820,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>R\u2010Loops are three\u2010stranded DNA\/RNA hybrids implicated in immune responses. Their role in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, particularly in dental pulp regeneration under inflammation, remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rat pulpo\u2010dentinal complex (PDC) injury models and LPS\u2010stimulated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were used. R\u2010Loops and cGAS\u2010STING were evaluated via immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, RNA\u2010seq, RT\u2010qPCR, ALP, and Alizarin Red S staining. Interventions included RNase H1 overexpression (to degrade R\u2010Loops) and STING inhibitor H151.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammation induced R\u2010Loops accumulation and cGAS\u2010STING activation in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro, correlating with impaired odontogenic differentiation. RNase H1 or H151 treatment downregulated inflammatory cytokines (IFN \u03b2, IL 6, TNF \u03b1) and restored mineralization capacity of hDPSCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>R\u2010Loops promote inflammation and suppress odontogenesis via cGAS\u2010STING signaling. Targeting this axis alleviates inflammation and enhances regenerative potential, offering a therapeutic strategy for pulpitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T05:52:56Z","timestamp":1781329976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["R\u2010Loops Mediated Odontogenic Differentiation of hDPSCs by Activating the cGAS\u2010STING Pathway Under Inflammatory Microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"},{"name":"Wuhan Wuchang Hospital  Wuhan Hubei Province China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6549-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5093-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2915-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruirui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3395","article-title":"DNA\u2010RNA Hybrids: The Risks of DNA Breakage During Transcription","volume":"24","author":"Aguilera A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8424","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz560","article-title":"Enhancer\u2010Mediated Enrichment of Interacting JMJD3\u2010DDX21 to ENPP2 Locus Prevents R\u2010Loop Formation and Promotes Transcription","volume":"47","author":"Argaud D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90040-2","article-title":"Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody to DNA.RNA and Its Application to Immunodetection of Hybrids","volume":"89","author":"Boguslawski S. 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