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Immunofluorescence validated key gene expression and specific cell subtypes involved in SPD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In periodontal tissues, gingival epithelial cells were the cell type most affected by smoking. Compared with the PD group, the SPD group showed increased CXCL16 secretion and features of cellular senescence. A subset of CXCR6+ regulatory T cells (CXCR6+ Tregs) was identified in SPD and potentially recruited by epithelial cells via the CXCL16\u2013CXCR6 axis. Quantitative Set Analysis for Gene Expression indicated a potential regulatory role of CXCR6+ Tregs in T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation, while intercellular communication and pseudotime analyses suggested that CXCR6+ Tregs may amplify inflammatory responses by activating Th17 cells through the CD2\u2013CD58 interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In SPD, gingival epithelial cells exhibit senescence with increased chemokine secretion. These senescent cells may recruit CXCR6+ Tregs via CXCL16 release, potentially regulating Th17 cell differentiation. These findings provide a molecular basis for understanding SPD pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:36:06Z","timestamp":1782275766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Transcriptomic Landscape of Smoking\u2010Related Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Huining","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengxiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology, School and 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