{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:03:14Z","timestamp":1784178194356,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aimed to investigate gene mutations in ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) including\n BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n PIK3CA<\/jats:italic>\n , along with associated protein expressions of BRAF V600E, p\u2010ERK1\/2, and p\u2010mTOR, which represent activation of MAPK\/ERK and PI3K\/mTOR pathways, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Ten formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded AC tissue samples were collected. Tumor area samples were manually micro\u2010dissected for DNA extraction. All samples then underwent gene amplification using polymerase chain reaction and were subsequently sent for DNA sequencing. The investigation of protein expressions was assessed using immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Heterozygous mutations in\n BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n PIK3CA<\/jats:italic>\n were observed in 40.0%, 30.0%, and 30.0% of AC cases, respectively. Notably, 75.0% of\n BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010mutated cases (3\/4) co\u2010harbored either\n KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n or\n PIK3CA<\/jats:italic>\n mutations. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed BRAF V600E expression in 40.0% of cases. AC also expressed mild immunostaining for p\u2010ERK1\/2 (mean IRS\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD; 2.50\u2009\u00b1\u20092.526) and moderate immunostaining for p\u2010mTOR (mean IRS\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD; 7.62\u2009\u00b1\u20092.869), within both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the tumor cells.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The presence of these oncogenic gene mutations and protein expressions suggests that MAPK\/ERK and PI3K\/mTOR pathways may contribute to AC pathogenesis. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:13:00Z","timestamp":1784175180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of Oncogenic Gene Mutation and Associated Protein Expression in Ameloblastic Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7473-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puangwan","family":"Lapthanasupkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintana","family":"Pankam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Integrative Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Dentistry Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siribang\u2010on Piboonniyom","family":"Khovidhunkit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prapapun","family":"Seneetuntigul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical Services Ministry of Public Health Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nakarin","family":"Kitkumthorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Burapha University Chon Buri Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12989","article-title":"Detection of MAPK\/ERK Pathway Proteins and KRAS Mutations in Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumors","volume":"25","author":"Bologna\u2010Molina R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01204","article-title":"Enabling Precision Medicine for Rare Head and Neck Tumors: The Example of BRAF\/MEK Targeting in Patients With Metastatic Ameloblastoma","volume":"9","author":"Brunet M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00292-022-01152-7","article-title":"Molecular Diagnostics in Odontogenic Tumors","volume":"43","author":"Buettner R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathologie (Heidelb)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28864","article-title":"The MAPK Pathway Across Different Malignancies: A New Perspective","volume":"120","author":"Burotto M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23206","article-title":"Efficiency of B\u2010RAF\u2010\/MEK\u2010Inhibitors in B\u2010RAF Mutated Ameloblastoma: Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"9","author":"Buttner R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2024.08.001","article-title":"Differences in BRAF V600E Mutation Between the Epithelium and Mesenchyme in Classic Ameloblastoma","volume":"138","author":"Chen Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13334","article-title":"Comparison of Survival Outcomes Between Ameloblastic Carcinoma and Metastasizing Ameloblastoma: A Systematic Review","volume":"51","author":"Chrcanovic B. 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