{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:24:22Z","timestamp":1787289862519,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a major public health challenge worldwide. In South America, its epidemiology is influenced by culturally embedded practices that remain underrepresented in the international literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To critically examine region\u2010specific exposures that may contribute to oral carcinogenesis and to identify major knowledge gaps relevant to OSCC prevention and early detection in South America.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This evidence\u2010informed position paper was developed through consensus among specialists from South American referral centers and a structured appraisal of the available literature, focusing on chim\u00f3 use, coca leaf chewing, reverse smoking, hot mate consumption, and charcoal\u2010grilled meat intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current evidence suggests that these practices involve biologically plausible mechanisms, including thermal injury, chronic mechanical irritation, exposure to potentially carcinogenic chemical compounds, and persistent mucosal inflammation, that may promote carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The strength of the available evidence varies considerably across exposures, and several associations remain hypothesis\u2010generating and require further epidemiological, mechanistic, and molecular validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This position paper identifies major knowledge gaps and proposes a regional research agenda aimed at improving risk assessment, prevention strategies, and the early detection of OSCC in South America.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:37:52Z","timestamp":1787287072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cultural Practices and Oral Cancer Risk in South America: An Evidence\u2010 and Experience\u2010Based Position Paper"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0596-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Villarroel\u2010Dorrego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Central de Venezuela  Caracas Venezuela"},{"name":"Universidad Santa Mar\u00eda  Caracas 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