{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:38:35Z","timestamp":1792474715108,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high\u2010intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in treating oral leukoplakia (OLK), thereby exploring a novel therapeutic approach for this condition.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n 17 OLK patients treated at the Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases between June 2022 and February 2023 underwent HIFU therapy. Postoperative clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n At the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up, the outcomes were as follows: complete remission in 9 cases (52.95%), partial remission in 6 cases (35.29%), no remission in 2 cases (11.76%). The overall response rate reached 88.24%. 2\u2009h postoperatively, 2 patients experienced significant pain, while the remaining patients reported mild pain (VAS score: 0.88\u2009\u00b1\u20091.83, M\u2009=\u20090). Patients with cheeks or commissural leukoplakia showed no swelling. Except for 1 case, patients with dorsal tongue leukoplakia exhibited mild swelling that resolved spontaneously within 2\u2009~\u200924\u2009h. Between 24 and 72\u2009h postoperatively, all 16 patients except one developed noticeable ulcers with mild pain (VAS score: 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.84, M\u2009=\u20091), which healed within 2\u20133\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n HIFU demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in treating OLK. Postoperative reactions are localized and well\u2010tolerated, markedly improving patients' quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:46:47Z","timestamp":1792471607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of High\u2010Intensity Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8932-5316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7346-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Fangchun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02833-9","article-title":"High\u2010Intensity Focused Ultrasound: A Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications","volume":"49","author":"Bachu V. S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev302","article-title":"The Use of High\u2010Intensity Focused Ultrasound as a Novel Treatment for Painful Conditions\u2010a Description and Narrative Review of the Literature","volume":"115","author":"Brown M. R. D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-019-0047-0","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy Guidelines for the Management of Oral Leucoplakia","volume":"11","author":"Chen Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"Evaluation of White Lesions of Vulva After Treated With Focused Ultrasound","volume":"39","author":"Cheng\u2010zhi L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Chinese Stomatological Association.2021.\u201cExpert consensus on 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for oral potentially malignant disorder: [S].\u201d"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.02.017","article-title":"Lichenoid Vulvar Disease: A Review","volume":"3","author":"Fruchter R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Women's Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01911","article-title":"Primary Clinical Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy With Oral Leukoplakia in Chinese Patients","volume":"9","author":"Han Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2022.2060528","article-title":"High\u2010Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy for Pediatric and Adolescent Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus","volume":"39","author":"He S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Hyperthermia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104026","article-title":"Clinical Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder","volume":"46","author":"Jing Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.10.023","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"Li Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"330","article-title":"Clinical Problems and Outcome Indicators in the Expert Consensus Determined by the Delphi Method of 5\u2043Ami\u2043 Nolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Potential Malignant Diseases","volume":"30","author":"Liu Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases"},{"issue":"37","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus in women","volume":"184","author":"Madsen E. P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ugeskrift for Laeger"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03791-5","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Leukoplakia: A Retrospective Study of 50 Patients","volume":"24","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14747","article-title":"Short\u2010 and Long\u2010Term Efficacy of Focused Ultrasound Therapy for Non\u2010Neoplastic Epithelial Disorders of the Vulva","volume":"124","author":"Wu C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2007.08.016","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy Outcome for Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia Depends on the Clinical Appearance, Size, Color, Epithelial Dysplasia, and Surface Keratin Thickness of the Lesion","volume":"44","author":"Yu C.\u2010H.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Oncology"}],"container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.70497","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/odi.70497","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.70497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:46:52Z","timestamp":1792471612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/odi.70497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/odi.70497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.70497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-523X","1601-0825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-523X","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-0825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"odi.70497"}}