{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:58:21Z","timestamp":1790683101735,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review examines the development and outcomes of Taiwan's betel quid cessation models over two decades. Betel quid, the world's fourth most used psychoactive substance, receives far less cessation attention than tobacco.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a narrative synthesis of program evaluations and national implementation data from Taiwan (2007\u20132025), analyzing the Transtheoretical Model, Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, social cognitive theory, and ecological and nudge frameworks against program design and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six models were developed sequentially. In the 8\u2009h community program, 96% initiated cessation by course end, 53% stopped chewing entirely, and 64% remained abstinent at 1\u2009year tracking. A 4\u2009h workplace program achieved 69% point\u2010prevalence cessation among 166 workers (consumption: 49.8\u20132.1 quids\/day). A 3\u2009min clinic intervention advanced 32% of 246 patients a stage. Case management matched group delivery in stage progression while reaching remote populations; school prevention improved student knowledge and attitudes in 54\u201373 schools yearly. An AI\u2010assisted curriculum\u2010design tool remains in pilot testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Taiwan shows that theory\u2010driven, culturally sensitive, multi\u2010model programs can substantially reduce betel quid use, offering a transferable framework for other high\u2010prevalence regions. Most outcome evidence comes from single\u2010group, self\u2010reported evaluations; confirmation in controlled trials is a regional priority.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.70523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:21:27Z","timestamp":1790680887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Theories and Practices on Developing Various Models of Betel Quid Cessation in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2932-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010Shinn","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Human Potentials Development National Dong Hwa University  Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4124-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Jung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Human Potentials Development National Dong Hwa University  Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69746-3_2","volume-title":"Action\u2010Control: From Cognition to Behavior","author":"Ajzen I.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4278\/0890\u20101171\u201012.1.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Health Care and Human Behavior","author":"Becker M. 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S.2008.\u201cEvaluation Report of the Betel Quid Reduction and Cessation Program in Hualien County.\u201dHualien county Health Bureau"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Lee M. S.2010.\u201cTNB (Toward No Betelnut) Cessation Program: Development and Evaluation.\u201dHealth Promotion Administration"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"School Betel Quid Harm Prevention Education Counseling Center Establishment Program","author":"Lee M. S.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Evaluation of Effectiveness of the 3A3R Educational Intervention Program for Betel Nut Addicts","volume":"8","author":"Lee M. 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