{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T10:36:51Z","timestamp":1789814211878,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]],"date-time":"2014-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw research project","award":["1496\/M\/WB\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1496\/M\/WB\/11"]}]},{"name":"Wroclaw Research Center EIT+, European Regional Development Fund (Operational Program Innovative Economy, 1.1.2)","award":["POIG 01.01.02-02-003\/08\/00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIG 01.01.02-02-003\/08\/00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> is a key pathogen responsible for initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis. Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of iron and heme uptake that allow <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> to express virulence factors and survive in the hostile environment of the oral cavity, so we initiated characterization of a <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gingivalis <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ur homolog (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ur). Many <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ur paralogs found in microbial genomes, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>acteroidetes, confirm that Fur proteins have a tendency to be subjected to a sub\u2010 or even neofunctionalization process. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ur revealed extremely high sequence divergence, which could be associated with its functional dissimilarity in comparison with other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ur homologs. A <jats:italic>fur<\/jats:italic> mutant strain constructed by insertional inactivation exhibited retarded growth during the early growth phase and a significantly lower tendency to form a homotypic biofilm on abiotic surfaces. The mutant also showed significantly weaker adherence and invasion to epithelial cells and macrophages. Transcripts of many differentially regulated genes identified in the <jats:italic>fur<\/jats:italic> mutant strain were annotated as hypothetical proteins, suggesting that PgFur can play a novel role in the regulation of gene expression. Inactivation of the <jats:italic>fur<\/jats:italic> gene resulted in decreased <jats:italic>hmuY<\/jats:italic> gene expression, increased expression of other <jats:italic>hmu<\/jats:italic> components and changes in the expression of genes encoding hemagglutinins and proteases (mainly gingipains), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>tr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>, some extracytoplasmic sigma factors and two\u2010component systems. Our data suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ur can influence <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> growth and virulence, at least in part by affecting iron\/heme acquisition, allowing efficient infection through a complex regulatory network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T14:09:03Z","timestamp":1407334143000},"page":"333-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Fur homolog regulates <i><scp>P<\/scp>orphyromonas gingivalis<\/i> virulence under low\u2010iron\/heme conditions through a complex regulatory network"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Ciuraszkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"\u015amiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mackiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gmiterek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bielecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Olczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Olczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Biotechnology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw 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