{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:55:53Z","timestamp":1769727353367,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]],"date-time":"2015-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus mitis<\/jats:italic> is a colonizer of the oral cavity and the nasopharynx, and is closely related to <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Both species occur in encapsulated and unencapsulated forms, but in <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mitis<\/jats:italic> the role of the capsule in host interactions is mostly unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how capsule expression in <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mitis<\/jats:italic> can modulate interactions with the host with relevance for colonization. The <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mitis<\/jats:italic> type strain, as well as two mutants of the type strain, an isogenic capsule deletion mutant, and a capsule switch mutant expressing the serotype 4 capsule of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pneumoniae <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIGR<\/jats:styled-content>4, were used. Wild\u2010type and capsule deletion strains of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pneumoniae <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIGR<\/jats:styled-content>4 were included for comparison. We found that capsule production in <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mitis<\/jats:italic> reduced adhesion to oral and lung epithelial cells. Further, exposure of oral epithelial cells to encapsulated <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mitis<\/jats:italic> resulted in higher interleukin\u20106 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 transcription levels relative to the unencapsulated mutant. Capsule expression in <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mitis<\/jats:italic> increased the sensitivity to human neutrophil peptide 1\u20103 but reduced the sensitivity to human \u03b2\u2010defensin\u20103 and cathelicidin. This was in contrast with <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> in which capsule expression has been generally associated with increased sensitivity to human antimicrobial peptides (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMP<\/jats:styled-content>s). Collectively, these findings indicate that capsule expression in <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mitis<\/jats:italic> is important in modulating interactions with epithelial cells, and is associated with increased or reduced susceptibility to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMP<\/jats:styled-content>s depending on the nature of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]],"date-time":"2015-08-08T08:22:52Z","timestamp":1439022172000},"page":"302-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Capsule expression in <i><scp>S<\/scp>treptococcus mitis<\/i> modulates interaction with oral keratinocytes and alters susceptibility to human antimicrobial peptides"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"H.V.","family":"Rukke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry University of Oslo 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