{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T10:33:06Z","timestamp":1789813986711,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016R1E1A1A01942402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016R1E1A1A01942402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>) is a variant of lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content>), a common chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease. Cutaneous lesions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> are self\u2010limiting, but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> lesions are non\u2010remissive, alternating periods of exacerbation and quiescence, and only symptomatic treatments exist for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>. The precise etiology and pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> are hardly understood, which is a major obstacle to the development of new therapeutics for this disease. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> is considered a T\u2010cell\u2010mediated inflammatory disease. Although various antigens have been considered, what actually triggers the inflammatory response of T cells is unknown. Suggested predisposing factors include genetic factors, stress, trauma, and infection. The aim of this review was to determine whether microbial infection can cause <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>. We first reviewed the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> and microbial factors, including viral, fungal, and bacterial infections. In addition, each microbial factor associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed by modified guidelines of Fredricks and Relman to determine whether it establishes a causal relationship. In conclusion, no microbial factor yet fulfills the guidelines to establish the causality of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>. By focusing on the unclarified issues, however, the potential roles of microbial factors in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> will be soon elucidated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T18:42:43Z","timestamp":1504550563000},"page":"22-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The microbiology of oral lichen planus: Is microbial infection the cause of oral lichen planus?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Baek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute Seoul National University  Seoul 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