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We hypothesize that different <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic> strains employ these stereoisomeric sugar acids for interacting with the immune system and resident host tissues in the periodontium. Here, we show how <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic> strains <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATCC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a043037 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UB<\/jats:styled-content>4 displaying pseudaminic acid and legionaminic acid, respectively, and selected cell surface mutants of these strains modulate the immune response in monocytes and human oral keratinocytes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOK<\/jats:styled-content>) using a multiplex immunoassay. When challenged with <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic>, monocytes secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>) with the release of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107 being differentially regulated by the two <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic> wild\u2010type strains. Truncation of the bacteria's <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycan leads to significant reduction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and regulates macrophage inflammatory protein\u20101. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOK<\/jats:styled-content> infected with <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic> produce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101Ra, chemokines and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>. Although the two wild\u2010type strains elicit preferential immune responses for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108, both truncation of the <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycan and deletion of the S\u2010layer result in significantly increased release of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108, granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101. Through immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy of infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOK<\/jats:styled-content> we additionally show that <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic> is highly invasive and tends to localize to the perinuclear region. This indicates, that the <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic> S\u2010layer and attached sugars, particularly pseudaminic acid in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATCC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a043037, contribute to dampening the response of epithelial tissues to initial infection and hence play a pivotal role in orchestrating the bacterium's virulence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T01:26:51Z","timestamp":1513128411000},"page":"155-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Immune response profiling of primary monocytes and oral keratinocytes to different <i>Tannerella forsythia<\/i> strains and their cell surface mutants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NanoBiotechnology NanoGlycobiology unit Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Bodenkultur Wien  Vienna 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