{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:15:39Z","timestamp":1787318139687,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an important lactic acid bacterium that is predominantly used as a probiotic supplement. This bacterium secretes immunomodulatory and antibacterial peptides that are necessary for the probiotic trait. This organism also occupies diverse ecological niches, such as gastrointestinal tracts and the oral cavity. Several studies have shown that\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is prone to spontaneous genome rearrangement irrespective of the ecological origins. We previously characterized an oral isolate of\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , LRB, which is genetically closely related to the widely used probiotic strain\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    LGG. In this study, we isolated a nontargeted mutant that was particularly sensitive to acid stress. Using next generation sequencing, we further mapped the putative mutations in the genome and found that the mutant had acquired a deletion of 75 base pairs in the\n                    <jats:italic>rplD<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene that encodes the large ribosomal subunit L4. The mutant had a growth defect at 37\u00b0C and at ambient temperature. Further antibiotic sensitivity analyses indicated that the mutant is relatively more resistant to erythromycin and chloramphenicol; two antibiotics that target the 50S subunit. In contrast, the mutant was more sensitive to tetracycline, which targets the 30S subunit. Thus, it appears that nontargeted mutations could significantly alter the antibiotic resistance profile of\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our study raises concern that probiotic use of\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    should be carefully monitored to avoid unintended consequences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T10:30:44Z","timestamp":1580898644000},"page":"106-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ribosomal protein L4 of\n                    <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/i>\n                    LRB alters resistance to macrolides and other antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Saswati","family":"Biswas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS 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