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The bacterium is considered to incorporate proteinaceous nutrients mainly as dipeptides, thus exopeptidases that produce dipeptides from polypeptides are critical for survival and proliferation. We present here an overview of dipeptide production by\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediated by dipeptidyl\u2010peptidases (DPPs), e.g., DPP4, DPP5, DPP7, and DPP11, serine exopeptidases localized in periplasm, which release dipeptides from the N\u2010terminus of polypeptides. Additionally, two other exopeptidases, acylpeptidyl\u2010oligopeptidase (AOP) and prolyl tripeptidyl\u2010peptidase A (PTP\u2010A), which liberate N\u2010terminal acylated di\u2010\/tri\u2010peptides and tripeptides with Pro at the third position, respectively, provide polypeptides in an acceptable form for DPPs. Hence, a large fraction of dipeptides is produced from nutritional polypeptides by DPPs with differential specificities in combination with AOP and PTP\u2010A. The resultant dipeptides are then incorporated across the inner membrane mainly\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    a proton\u2010dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT), a member of the major facilitator superfamily. Recent studies also indicate that DPP4 and DPP7 directly link between periodontal and systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and coagulation abnormality, respectively. Therefore, these dipeptide\u2010producing and incorporation molecules are considered to be potent targets for prevention and treatment of periodontal and related systemic diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T04:20:23Z","timestamp":1601612423000},"page":"145-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Dipeptidyl\u2010peptidases: Key enzymes producing entry forms of extracellular proteins in asaccharolytic periodontopathic bacterium\n                    <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki K.","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Molecular Biology Course of Medical and Dental Sciences Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2822-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Ohara Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Molecular Biology Course of Medical and Dental Sciences Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.03460604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00600-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1176-1182.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.14.9246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008789200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.10.6238"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03220-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.14.4142-4148.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.178.3.701-704.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99503-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.08.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.138.1.126-132.1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.06.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2428"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31972-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(97)00225-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000096411"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.716-724.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0716-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01123-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17986.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(92)90036-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsn013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with 440 systemic diseases and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Nazir M. 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