{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1785420023280,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20ykzd08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ykzd08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis. Our previous study indicated that periodontitis induced by\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased the percentage of CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells but decreased the ratio of IL\u201010\u2010producing regulatory B cells (B10) in collagen\u2010induced arthritis (CIA) mice. It is still unclear which virulence factors of\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    are involved in these processes. Here, we compared the effects of different components of\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the biogenesis of B10 cells and found that the decreased proportion of B10 cells mainly resulted from the undenatured proteins other than the DNA, RNA, or lipopolysaccharides of\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . As gingipains are enzymes and virulence factors that play a vital role in the progression in periodontitis through affecting the innate and adaptive immune system, we then compared the influence of the wild\u2010type (WT) strain of\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ATCC 33277) and its isogenic gingipain\u2010null mutant (\u2206K\u2206RAB) on the differentiation of splenic B cells into B10 cells. Interestingly, compared to WT strain, \u2206K\u2206RAB treatment increased the frequency of B10 cells as well as the expression of IL\u20106 in B cells. Furthermore, the acute peritonitis, an ideal model for the quick evaluation of immune effects of agents, induced by \u2206K\u2206RAB, showed the higher IL\u20106 production and proportion of B10 cells compared with WT. Finally, we performed transcriptomic analysis to better understand the effects and possible mechanisms of gingipains on B cells. Compared with WT, \u2206K\u2206RAB upregulated the PI3K\u2010Akt pathway of B cells, which is important for IL\u201010 production and B10 cell biogenesis, and more activated Jak\u2010STAT pathway, which is a classical signaling pathway mediated by IL\u20106. Cumulatively, this study preliminarily revealed that gingipains of\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    are vital virulence factors downregulating B10 cells and altering immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T03:00:20Z","timestamp":1680490820000},"page":"275-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gingipains are the important virulence factors of\n                    <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n                    downregulating B10 cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7008-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou 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