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Glycans as unsurpassed carriers of biological information are participating in underlying processes that shape oral health and disease. Bacterial glycoinfrastructure\u2014encompassing compounds as diverse as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cell wall glycopolymers, and exopolysaccharides\u2014is well known to influence bacterial fitness, with direct effects on bacterial physiology, immunogenicity, lifestyle, and interaction and colonization capabilities. Thus, understanding oral bacterias' glycoinfrastructure and encoded glycolanguage is key to elucidating their pathogenicity mechanisms and developing targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention. Driven by their known immunological role, most research in oral glycobiology has been directed onto LPSs, whereas, recently, glycoproteins have been gaining increased interest. This review draws a multifaceted picture of the glycolanguage, with a focus on glycoproteins, manifested in prominent oral bacteria, such as streptococci, <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>. We first define the characteristics of the different glycoconjugate classes and then summarize the current status of knowledge of the structural diversity of glycoconjugates produced by oral bacteria, describe governing biosynthetic pathways, and list biological roles of these energetically costly compounds. Additionally, we highlight emerging research on the unraveling impact of oral glycoinfrastructure on dental caries, periodontitis, and systemic conditions. By integrating current knowledge and identifying knowledge gaps, this review underscores the importance of studying the glycolanguage oral bacteria speak to advance our understanding of oral microbiology and develop novel antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T06:30:05Z","timestamp":1711089005000},"page":"291-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Glycolanguage of the oral microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Fiona F.","family":"Hager\u2010Mair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry <i>NanoGlycobiology<\/i> Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Bodenkultur Wien Vienna 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