{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:03:24Z","timestamp":1788289404560,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metronidazole (MTZ) is an antimicrobial agent used to treat anaerobic infections. It has been hypothesized that MTZ may also have anti\u2010inflammatory properties, but the evidence is limited and has not been previously reviewed. Thus, this scoping review aimed to answer the following question: \u201cWhat is the evidence supporting anti\u2010inflammatory properties of metronidazole that are not mediated by its antimicrobial effects?\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA\u2010ScR statement. Five databases were searched up to January 2023 for studies evaluating the anti\u2010inflammatory properties of MTZ used as monotherapy for treating infectious and inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 719 records were identified, and 27 studies (21 in vivo and 6 in vitro) were included. The studies reported experimental evidence of MTZ anti\u2010inflammatory effects on (1) innate immunity (barrier permeability, leukocyte adhesion, immune cell populations), (2) acquired immunity (lymphocyte proliferation, T\u2010cell function, cytokine profile), and (3) wound healing\/resolution of inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Taken together, this scoping review supported a potential anti\u2010inflammatory effect of MTZ in periodontitis treatment. We recommend that future clinical studies should be conducted to evaluate specific MTZ anti\u2010inflammatory pathways in the treatment of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T03:53:40Z","timestamp":1712980420000},"page":"240-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Metronidazole may display anti\u2010inflammatory features in periodontitis treatment: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina J","family":"Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University  Guarulhos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas y Medicina Oral Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-4722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger M","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene School of Dentistry University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 University  Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Pinheiro","family":"Furquim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University  Guarulhos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Basic and Translational Sciences School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidia Castro Dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University  Guarulhos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Albert Einstein  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"The Forsyth Institute  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Retamal\u2010Valdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University  Guarulhos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada  Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Feres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University  Guarulhos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity Harvard School of Dental Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000446215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH\u20102012\u20101583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201076038\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016\u20105085(94)90019\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37082"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Local levels of biomarkers after surgical and nonsurgical debridement of residual pockets and nonresidual sites in diabetic patients: A 12\u2010month follow\u2010up","volume":"63","author":"Bezerra J. P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"General Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.9.1204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102\u201086502011000500007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051X.2005.00720.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010030\u201096881\u20106_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Experimental study on metronidazole RP\u20108823. Trichomonacidal and amebicidal activities. Toxicity and general pharmacological properties]","volume":"69","author":"Cosar C.","year":"1961","journal-title":"La Presse Medicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20\u20100196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051x.1982.tb02062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01316493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719701600701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat0797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024\u20103205(96)00297\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2007.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2014.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.21\u20100171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u2010051x.2001.028007597.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20\u20100128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030\u20104220(66)90362\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495\u2010199754050\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau4594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100773.1981.tb00881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051X.2010.01586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2010.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513507956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2021.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051x.1979.tb01922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201012358\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5037\/jomr.2022.13102"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"532","article-title":"Anti\u2010inflammatory effect of metronidazole in hospitalized patients with Pneumonia due to COVID\u201019","volume":"20","author":"Kazempour M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102036.1997.00207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101560200036"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Metronidazole improves intestinal microcirculation in septic rats independently of bacterial burden","volume":"34","author":"Lehmann C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2002.0170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/647939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051X.2008.01304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.57635"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.1986.tb02802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140478"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","first-page":"506","article-title":"The use of oral antibiotics in the management of rosacea","volume":"18","author":"Nagler A. R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403\u2010002\u20100381\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010016\u20100384\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.37.5.4236"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Efficacy of chlorhexidine, metronidazole and combination gel in the treatment of gingivitis\u2013a randomized clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Pradeep A. R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.920106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.120400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.766944"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14712\/fb2019065050265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.933997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"The treatment of vincent's disease with metronidazole","volume":"15","author":"Shinn D. L.","year":"1965","journal-title":"The Dental Practitioner and Dental Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201006473\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051X.2011.01763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678\u201077572012000300002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.705206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.9.1209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516639274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.08.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of metronidazole as an anti\u2010inflammatory agent","volume":"60","author":"Tanga M. R.","year":"1975","journal-title":"International Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic observations on metronidazole therapy. Side effects in endocrine, metabolic and auto\u2010immune disorders. 3. Anti\u2010ischemic and anti\u2010inflammatory action in peripheral vascular disorders","volume":"9","author":"Taylor J. A.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18\u20100850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.40918"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010021\u201003869\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100714.1991.tb00434.x"}],"container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/omi.12459","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T14:54:03Z","timestamp":1720536843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/omi.12459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/omi.12459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/omi.12459","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/OMI.12459\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/OMI.12459\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/OMI.12459\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/OMI.12459\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/OMI.12459\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/OMI.12459\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2041-1006","2041-1014"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1006","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-1014","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}