{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:12:59Z","timestamp":1792109579261,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014654","name":"Dentsply Sirona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The oral microbiome\u2010dependent nitrate (NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      )\u2013nitrite (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      )\u2013nitric oxide (NO) pathway may help regulate blood pressure. NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010producing bacteria in subgingival plaque are reduced in relative abundance in patients with untreated periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy patients. In periodontitis patients, the NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010producing bacteria increase several months after periodontal treatment. The early effects of periodontal treatment on NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010producing bacteria and the NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2013NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2013NO pathway remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine how periodontal treatment affects the oral NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010producing microbiome and salivary NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      levels over time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The subgingival microbiota of 38 periodontitis patients was analysed before (baseline [BL]) and 1, 7 and 90 days after periodontal treatment. Changes in NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010producing bacteria and periodontitis\u2010associated bacteria were determined by 16s rRNA Illumina sequencing. Saliva samples were collected at all\u2010time points to determine NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      levels using gas\u2010phase chemiluminescence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant increase was observed in the relative abundance of NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010producing species between BL and all subsequent timepoints (all\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.001). Periodontitis\u2010associated species decreased at all timepoints, relative to BL (all\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.02). NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010producing species negatively correlated with periodontitis\u2010associated species at all timepoints, with this relationship strongest 90 days post\u2010treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.792,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.001). Despite these findings, no significant changes were found in salivary NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      over time (all\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Periodontal treatment induced an immediate increase in the relative abundance of health\u2010associated NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010producing bacteria. This increase persisted throughout periodontal healing. Future studies should test the effect of periodontal treatment combined with NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      intake on periodontal and cardiovascular health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T08:59:15Z","timestamp":1724317155000},"page":"491-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Periodontal treatment causes a longitudinal increase in nitrite\u2010producing bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3015-6949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabel","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute University of the West of Scotland  Blantyre 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