{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:56:35Z","timestamp":1791863795875,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The dual\u2010species biofilms formed by\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibit enhanced cariogenic potential due to the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). The response regulator GcrR in\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    negatively regulates EPS synthesis, but its impact on dual\u2010species biofilms remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of GcrR on the cariogenicity of cross\u2010kingdom biofilms established by\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The crystal violet (CV) staining was conducted to evaluate the dual\u2010species biofilm formation. The anthrone\u2010sulfuric acid assay was employed to assess EPS formation. The biofilm morphology was visualized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the structure was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The expression levels of genes were determined by quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2010PCR). The animal assay was conducted to elucidate the anti\u2010cariogenic effect of GcrR. The overexpression of GcrR suppressed dual\u2010species biofilm formation, which was accompanied by a reduction in both water\u2010soluble glucans (WSGs) and water\u2010insoluble glucans (WIGs). The morphological transformation of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    from yeast to hyphal form was inhibited by GcrR. Expression of\n                    <jats:italic>gtfB<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/D and\n                    <jats:italic>gbpB\/C<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and Ras1\u2013cAMP\/PKA pathway genes in\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    was downregulated. Furthermore, we found that GcrR attenuated the virulence of dual\u2010species biofilms. This study suggests that GcrR in\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    plays a critical role in modulating the cariogenic potential of bacterial\u2010fungal biofilms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:57:22Z","timestamp":1776920242000},"page":"188-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["GcrR in\n                    <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>\n                    Inhibits the Morphological Transition of\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    Through Ras1\u2013cAMP\/PKA Pathway in the Cross\u2010Kingdom Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases Center of Oral Public Health College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases Center of Oral Public Health College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jielin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases Center of Oral Public Health College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases Center of Oral Public Health College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases Center of Oral Public Health College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizhe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases Center of Oral Public Health College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01719\u201009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00825\u201007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.188.3.988\u2010998.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810593"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)00002-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396\u2010020\u201000823\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.911623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00725\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2020.100037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2165\u20108056.1000105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.855229"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515592859"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.71.8.4351\u20104360.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2016.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345580370060801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41332"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02729\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000204911"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102958.2011.07837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1106231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4020068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253\u2010022\u201012211\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.957879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22913"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mieher 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