{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:41:55Z","timestamp":1753879315766,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Older People Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Itching is an irritating and uncomfortable sensation that has a profound effect on patients' physical and mental health. It is a major under\u2010recognised problem in older patients who cannot express their pain due to advanced cognitive impairment. Therefore, objective itch\u2010assessment tools that do not rely on patients' reports of itching may be of value for this patient group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To summarise the characteristics of validated objective itch\u2010assessment tools for patients with advanced cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist. The PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched, via database\u2010specific search strategies, for articles published in English between January 1, 1990 and March 11, 2020. Based on the eligibility criteria, two authors independently screened the articles for inclusion. Thereafter, the lead author performed data extraction and analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three validated scratch\u2010monitoring using accelerometers and a sound sensor and one validated scratch\u2010mark assessment have been reported. The Actiwatch Plus, ActiTrac<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, body\u2010conducted sound sensor and Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index for scratching (SCORAD\u2010scratch) had positive criterion validity outcomes. The Actiwatch Plus, ActiTrac<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and body\u2010conducted sound sensor were significantly correlated with scratch behaviour (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.91, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.71, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.042; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.99, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value not shown, respectively). The SCORAD\u2010scratch was significantly correlated with subjective itch\u2010assessment scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.78\u20130.80, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0&lt;0.0001\u20130.010).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This scoping review summarises the characteristics of validated objective itch\u2010assessment tools to investigate which of these are applicable to older patients with advanced cognitive impairments. Although there are limitations and further verification is required, the ActiTrac<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, Actiwatch Plus and body\u2010conducted sound sensor may be useful for measuring scratch movements and itching.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses and patients' families may better understand the characteristics and validity of each objective itch\u2010assessment tool and select the optimal tool for patients with advanced cognitive impairment who cannot express their discomfort caused due to itching.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T17:18:08Z","timestamp":1648401488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Which objective itch\u2010assessment tools are applicable to patients with advanced cognitive impairments? 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School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Skincare Science Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Tobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skincare Science Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Monash University  Melbourne Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontological Nursing\/Wound Care Management Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Skincare Science Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo 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