{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:01:38Z","timestamp":1791219698797,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the effects of the wearer's pupil size and spherical aberration on visual performance with centre\u2010near, aspheric multifocal contact lenses (\n MFCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s). The advantage of binocular over monocular vision was also investigated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Twelve young volunteers, with an average age of 27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0years, participated in the study. Log\n MAR V<\/jats:styled-content>\n isual\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n cuity (\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was measured under cycloplegia for a range of defocus levels (from +3.0 to \u22123.0\u00a0D, in 0.5\u00a0D steps) with no correction and with three aspheric\n MFCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n ir\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n ptix\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n qua\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n ultifocal) with a centre\u2010near design, providing correction for \u2018Low\u2019, \u2018Med\u2019 and \u2018High\u2019 near demands. Measurements were performed for all combinations of the following conditions: (1) artificial pupils of 6 and 3\u00a0mm diameter, (2) binocular and monocular (dominant eye) vision. Depth\u2010of\u2010focus (\n DOF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was calculated from the\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n vs defocus curves. Ocular aberrations under cycloplegia were measured using iTrace.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n at \u22123.0\u00a0D defocus (simulating near performance) was statistically higher for the 3\u00a0mm than for the 6\u00a0mm pupil (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.006), and for binocular rather than for monocular vision (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Similarly,\n DOF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was better for the 3\u00a0mm pupil (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.002) and for binocular viewing conditions (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Both\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n at \u22123.0\u00a0D defocus and\n DOF<\/jats:styled-content>\n increased as the \u2018addition\u2019 of the\n MFCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n correction increased. Finally, with the centre\u2010near\n MFCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s a linear correlation was found between\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n at \u22123.0\u00a0D defocus and the wearer's ocular spherical aberration (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.20\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001 for 6\u00a0mm data), with the eyes exhibiting the higher positive spherical aberration experiencing worse\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. By contrast, no correlation was found between\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and spherical aberration at 0.00\u00a0D defocus (distance vision).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Both near\n VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and depth\u2010of\u2010focus improve with these\n MFCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, with the effects being more pronounced for small pupils and for binocular rather than monocular vision. Coupling of the wearer's ocular spherical aberration with the aberration profiles provided by\n MFCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s affects their functionality.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T02:43:11Z","timestamp":1354329791000},"page":"42-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Through\u2010focus performance with multifocal contact lenses: effect of binocularity, pupil diameter and inherent ocular aberrations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sotiris","family":"Plainis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vision & Optics University of Crete Heraklion Crete Greece"},{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester 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