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The well\u2010known presbyopic changes with age in amplitude of accommodation and required near addition are briefly reviewed, together with the less widely acknowledged slow drifts that occur in distance refraction. The desirability of restoring to presbyopes clear vision for objects at any distance, ideally corresponding to vergences within the range of at least 0 to \u22125\u00a0D, in any viewing direction, is stressed. A general outline is given of possible corrective methods. Methods which satisfy the needs of a 50\u00a0year\u2010old may not be suitable for the 80\u00a0year\u2010old. Corrections may involve both fixed\u2010 and variable\u2010focus lens systems, and surgical methods which modify the optics of the cornea, replace the crystalline lens with different fixed optics, or attempt to at least partially restore active accommodation. Some more recent methods of spectacle and contact lens correction are described in more detail. Particular attention is given to recent commercially\u2010developed spectacles in which the corrective power can be varied actively by either mechanical (liquid\u2010filled deformable lenses or Alvarez lenses) or electrical (liquid crystal lenses) means to allow objects at different distances to be seen clearly. Contact lens corrections show less progress and are still preferred only by a minority of older patients, most of whom are early presbyopes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rising proportion of presbyopes in the population, covering an age span of around 40\u00a0years, represents both a problem for those concerned with giving their patients the best vision possible at both far and near viewing distances and a commercial opportunity. Traditional single\u2010vision distance and near, bifocal, and progressive spectacle lens solutions, together with contact lens modalities for presbyopic correction, are being challenged by a variety of new approaches. It remains to be seen whether the latter will receive wide acceptance in practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,10]],"date-time":"2013-11-10T22:14:44Z","timestamp":1384121684000},"page":"8-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Developments in the correction of presbyopia I: spectacle and contact lenses"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"W. 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