{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T22:34:45Z","timestamp":1776465285831,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most research on attitudes to eye health has focussed on older people, reflecting the higher prevalence of eye diseases in older age groups. Little is known about younger people's attitudes to eye health. This paper explores young adults understanding of eye health and the purpose of eye examinations and the reasons why they do or do not attend for eye examinations. The aim is to provide evidence to inform policy on recommendations relating to eye health for individuals at low risk of visual impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six focus\u2010group meetings were held in Leeds with 43 people aged 18\u201335 (mean age 22\u00a0years). Focus group participants were recruited using a snowballing approach from an initial group of young adults. Focus groups were transcribed and a thematic analysis approach was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children who wore spectacles were often bullied. As people grew up it became more socially acceptable to wear spectacles. Practicalities, aesthetics and fashion were important issues. Knowledge about eye disease and the eye examination were generally poor. Many claimed to value vision, but recognised that young people do not have eye examinations as often as they should. Eye examinations were only perceived to be needed for younger people experiencing problems or to update prescriptions. Eye health was seen as issue for older people. Some had no idea or were shocked about how much spectacles cost. Optometrists were seen differently to other healthcare professionals. The retail aspect of optometry was seen as too dominant. More information was wanted from the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on eye health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While young adults are at low risk of sight threatening disease, many do benefit from correction of refractive error. There is an argument for reducing the recommended frequency of eye examinations for low risk individuals from the 2\u00a0years currently advised. Nevertheless, young adults need to be made more aware of eye health issues, so that optometrists are seen as more than somewhere that sell spectacles. Increasing awareness of eye health in younger adulthood will also be important to ensure that services are appropriately accessed as they get older.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T01:47:41Z","timestamp":1386726461000},"page":"30-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Why don't younger adults in\n                    <scp>E<\/scp>\n                    ngland go to have their eyes examined?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Darren","family":"Shickle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Public Health University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Public Health University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamas","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almira","family":"Haseeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Dorrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Registered Blind and Partially Sighted people","author":"The NHS Information Centre, Adult Social Care Team","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.176040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00862.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"The efficiency of the sight test as a tool for detection of disease","volume":"13","author":"Blakeney S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3129\/can.j.ophthalmol.06-126e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines Comprehensive Adult Medical Eye Evaluation","author":"American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Committee","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68581-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09782-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta12250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Health in the European Union. Special Eurobarometer 272e","author":"European Commission","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"HaydenC.The barriers and enablers that affect access to primary and secondary eye care service across England Wales Scotland and Northern Ireland. RNIB report; RNIB\/CEP\/IR\/01.RNIB:London 2012.http:\/\/www.rnib.org.uk\/aboutus\/Research\/reports\/2012\/Accessing_eye_care_services_full_report.doc accessed 10\/10\/13."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.32.5.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.7.780"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Understanding of the purpose of an eye test among people aged 60 and over in the UK","volume":"11","author":"McLaughlan B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000090574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896906067777"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09654281111108562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10518-189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","volume-title":"Transforming Qualitative Information","author":"Boyatzis RE","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004912418101000205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2007.02803.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","volume-title":"Britain's Eye Health in Focus: A Study of Consumer Attitudes and Behaviour Towards Eye Health","author":"The College of Optometrists","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20060101-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","volume-title":"Directorate\u2010general for health & consumers. The state of men's health in Europe","author":"European Commission","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","volume-title":"Service Considerations \u2013 a Report from the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009","author":"Morris J","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","unstructured":"The Scottish Government.Your guide to free NHS eye examinations in Scotland.http:\/\/www.scotland.gov.uk\/Publications\/2010\/08\/18091434\/1 accessed 10\/10\/13."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","unstructured":"NHS Choices.Am I entitled to a free NHS eye test?http:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/chq\/Pages\/895.aspx?CategoryID=68&SubCategoryID=157 accessed 10\/10\/13."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2012.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7496.901"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fopo.12099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.12099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:23:42Z","timestamp":1767785022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.12099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.12099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12099","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-07-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-12-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}