{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T13:55:42Z","timestamp":1786802142037,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012909","name":"College of optometrists","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated how aberration\u2010controlling, customised soft contact lenses corrected higher\u2010order ocular aberrations and visual performance in keratoconic patients compared to other forms of refractive correction (spectacles and rigid gas\u2010permeable lenses).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010two patients (16 rigid gas\u2010permeable contact lens wearers and six spectacle wearers) were fitted with standard toric soft lenses and customised lenses (designed to correct 3rd\u2010order coma aberrations). In the rigid gas\u2010permeable lens\u2010wearing patients, ocular aberrations were measured without lenses, with the patient's habitual lenses and with the study lenses (Hartmann\u2010Shack aberrometry). In the spectacle\u2010wearing patients, ocular aberrations were measured both with and without the study lenses. Log\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      visual acuity (high\u2010contrast and low\u2010contrast) was evaluated with the patient wearing their habitual correction (of either spectacles or rigid gas\u2010permeable contact lenses) and with the study lenses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the contact lens wearers, the habitual rigid gas\u2010permeable lenses and customised lenses provided significant reductions in 3rd\u2010order coma root\u2010mean\u2010square (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) error, 3rd\u2010order\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and higher\u2010order\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      error (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.004). In the spectacle wearers, the standard toric lenses and customised lenses significantly reduced 3rd\u2010order\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and higher\u2010order\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      errors (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.005). The spectacle wearers showed no significant differences in visual performance measured between their habitual spectacles and the study lenses. However, in the contact lens wearers, the habitual rigid gas\u2010permeable lenses and standard toric lenses provided significantly better high\u2010contrast acuities compared to the customised lenses (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.006).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The customised lenses provided substantial reductions in ocular aberrations in these keratoconic patients; however, the poor visual performances achieved with these lenses are most likely to be due to small, on\u2010eye lens decentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  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