{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:26:11Z","timestamp":1787063171488,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Internal Grant","award":["A-PJ39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-PJ39"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop and validate a new Chinese reading chart for children. The characteristics of reading profiles among Hong Kong children were also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A new reading chart was developed using the design principles of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNREAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      chart. Children (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0169) aged seven to 11\u00a0years with normal vision and no developmental or reading difficulties were recruited from four local Hong Kong primary schools located in four different districts. Reading performance was measured using three versions of the new Chinese reading chart for children as well as six short passages. Repeated reading measures were conducted for 79 participants 4\u20138\u00a0weeks later. A linear mixed\u2010model analysis was performed for the reading measures to identify the contribution of each source of variation (individual participant, among\u2010charts within\u2010session and between\u2010sessions, and error) to the total variance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three reading parameters were derived from the Chinese reading chart for children \u2013 maximum reading speed (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), critical print size (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and reading acuity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Results from the linear mixed\u2010model and Bland and Altman analyses revealed that all three versions of the chart were reproducible, with little variability among\u2010charts and between\u2010sessions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The coefficient of repeatability for the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was 0.08\u00a0log\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WPM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 0.16\u00a0log\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and 0.14\u00a0log\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      respectively. The strong correlation between reading speed measured by the chart and ordinary children's reading passages confirmed the usefulness of the chart for assessing children's reading performance (Rc\u00a0=\u00a00.67, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      of 0.60\u20130.73).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We developed and validated a new Chinese reading chart for children for quantifying reading performance in Chinese children with normal reading ability. This standardised clinical test can be reliably used to measure the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in Chinese\u2010speaking children. Further research is needed to evaluate the validity of this chart for assessing reading performance in Chinese children with reading difficulties, dyslexia or low vision.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T23:17:52Z","timestamp":1440458272000},"page":"514-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development and validation of a new\n                    <scp>C<\/scp>\n                    hinese reading chart for children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Josephine P. Y.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Child Assessment Centre Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilys S. K.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Child Assessment Centre Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine C. C.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Child Assessment Centre Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen M. 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