{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:29:09Z","timestamp":1781224149544,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Illinois Society for the Prevention of Blindness","award":["ISPB2008 and ISPB2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISPB2008 and ISPB2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the association of refractive error with optic nerve hypoplasia (\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 30\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects were recruited and underwent comprehensive eye exams. Refractive error data from this group was compared to data from a group of 3232 non\u2010\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects from the same facility. Spherical equivalent was calculated to assess refractive error. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n and refractive error while controlling for age, race, and gender.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of hyperopia (\u2265+1.00\u00a0D), myopia (<\u22120.75\u00a0D), and anisometropia (\u22651.00\u00a0D) was higher in\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects than in controls.\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects were 9.1 times more likely to be hyperopic than emmetropic (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a09.1, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a02.9\u201328.4,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) and 3.8 times more likely to be myopic than emmetropic (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a03.8, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.2\u201311.5,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.02). Unilateral\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects were 10.0 times more likely to have anisometropia than controls (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a010.0, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a03.9\u201325.6,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.0001). Bilateral\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects were 3.8 times more likely to have anisometropia than controls (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a03.8, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0=\u00a01.1\u201312.7,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.03).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Optic nerve hypoplasia subjects were more likely than control subjects to exhibit significant refractive errors, particularly hyperopia. Anisometropia tended to be more likely to occur in subjects with unilateral\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n than in bilateral\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Based on our findings, we recommend that clinicians perform a comprehensive eye examination on all patients with\n ONH<\/jats:styled-content>\n and prescribe for existing refractive error when visual acuity or general visual function can realistically be improved.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T23:17:52Z","timestamp":1440458272000},"page":"570-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association of refractive error with optic nerve hypoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois College of Optometry Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Frantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois College of Optometry Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois College of Optometry Chicago 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