{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T14:19:46Z","timestamp":1767795586662,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483660800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]],"date-time":"2016-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP140100157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP140100157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flicker\u2010defined form (FDF) stimuli have recently been adopted for visual field testing. A key difference between FDF and traditional perimetric stimuli is that the entire display background contains flickering dots. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the perception of FDF stimuli is influenced by lateral interactions involving regions beyond the stimulus border in young healthy observers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Experiment 1<\/jats:italic>\n                      measured the effect of surround size and retinal eccentricity on the detection of the FDF contour. Psychometric functions were collected for surround diameters of 20\u00b0, 30\u00b0 and 40\u00b0, and with stimuli centred at eccentricities of 0\u00b0, 10\u00b0 and 20\u00b0.\n                      <jats:italic>Experiment 2<\/jats:italic>\n                      measured the effect of target\u2010surround temporal phase difference on apparent temporal contrast (flicker strength) of the target for both the FDF stimulus and a solid\u2010field stimulus. Psychometric functions were collected for target\u2010surround phase differences of 0\u00b0, 45\u00b0, 90\u00b0, 135\u00b0 and 180\u00b0.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results show a mild surround\u2010suppression effect for FDF stimuli that is independent of surround size. Magnitudes of FDF surround suppression were consistent with the reduced temporal contrast energy of the stimulus compared to solid\u2010field stimuli.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FDF stimuli necessarily have both flickering target and background. Our results suggest that visual field defects outside the target are unlikely to markedly influence the detection and perception of the FDF stimulus. Nevertheless, mild surround suppression of contrast arises for FDF stimuli, hence interactions between the background and the target area may influence FDF results in conditions that alter centre\u2010surround perceptual effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T00:32:04Z","timestamp":1452213124000},"page":"174-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Flicker\u2010defined form stimuli are minimally affected by centre\u2010surround lateral contrast interactions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Denniss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry &amp; Vision Sciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"School of Computing &amp; Information Systems University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Visual Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison M.","family":"McKendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry &amp; Vision Sciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2718-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-11-03416.1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03333951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/8.4.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/13.13.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00125-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.23.9631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)54005-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/4.7.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/14.9.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/187847611X595873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/9.5.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4475-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194544"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31822f4d51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00569"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fopo.12268","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.12268","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/opo.12268","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/opo.12268","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.12268","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:24:17Z","timestamp":1767785057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.12268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.12268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12268","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}