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The hypothesis predicts a greater loss will be identified in ocular disease. Additionally, we sought to develop a theoretical framework that would allow comparisons of thresholds with disease progression when using different Goldmann targets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Humphrey Field Analyser (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) 30\u20102 grid was used in 13 patients with early\/established optic nerve disease using the current Goldmann\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      target size or a combination of the three smallest stimuli (target size I,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). We used data from control subjects at each of the visual field locations for the different target sizes to establish the number of failed points (events) for the patients with optic nerve disease, as well as global indices for mean deviation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and pattern standard deviation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 30\u20102 visual field testing using alternate target size stimuli showed that all 13 patients displayed more defects (events) compared to the standard Goldmann\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      target size. The median increase for events was seven additional failed points: (range 1\u201326). The global indices also increased when the new testing approach was used (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u22123.47 to \u22126.25\u00a0dB and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      4.32 to 6.63\u00a0dB). Spatial summation mapping showed an increase in critical area (Ac) in disease and overall increase in thresholds when smaller target stimuli were used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When compared to the current Goldmann\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      paradigm, the use of alternate sized targets within the 30\u20102 testing protocol revealed a greater loss in patients with optic nerve disease for both event analysis and global indices (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). We therefore provide evidence in a clinical setting that target size is important in visual field testing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T17:23:34Z","timestamp":1463851414000},"page":"439-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Equating spatial summation in visual field testing reveals greater loss in optic nerve disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Kalloniatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Health University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sieu K.","family":"Khuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182004c3b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1975.tb01161.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000307184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00411430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1999.770205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08820530009037869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"National Health and Medical Research Council: Guidelines for the screening prognosis diagnosis management and prevention of glaucoma.2010; Available from:http:\/\/www.nhmrc.gov.au\/_files_nhmrc\/publications\/attachments\/cp113_glaucoma_nov_2010.pdf. 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