{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:57:49Z","timestamp":1768726669422,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stichting MD Fonds"},{"name":"Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden (LSBS)"},{"name":"Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging ter Voorkoming van Blindheid (ANVVB) via UitZicht"},{"name":"NWO VICI","award":["453-11-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["453-11-004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Glaucoma is the most common age\u2010related neurodegenerative eye disease in western society. It is an insidious disease that, when untreated or detected too late, leads inevitably to blindness. An outstanding issue is whether glaucoma should be considered exclusively an eye disease or also a brain disease. To further examine it, we used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) to study white matter integrity in a Japanese glaucoma population. This population has a very high incidence of normal\u2010pressure glaucoma, in which optic nerve damage occurs in the absence of the elevated eye pressure that characterises the more common form of glaucoma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in 30 participants with normal\u2010pressure glaucoma and 21 age\u2010matched healthy controls. We used voxel\u2010wise tract\u2010based spatial statistics to compare fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of the white matter of the brain between patients and control group. Whole\u2010brain and region of interest\u2010based analyses served to find associations between diffusion indices and clinical measures of glaucomatous damage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fractional Anisotropy was significantly lower in glaucoma patients in a cluster in the right occipital lobe (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05; family\u2010wise error\u2010corrected) comprising fibres of both the optic radiation and the forceps major. Additional analysis confirmed bilateral involvement of the optic radiations and forceps major and additionally revealed damage to the corpus callosum and parietal lobe (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.09; family\u2010wise error\u2010corrected). The region of interest\u2010based analysis revealed a positive association between Fractional Anisotropy of the optic radiation and optic nerve damage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this specific population, glaucoma is associated with lower Fractional Anisotropy in the optic radiations, forceps major and corpus callosum. We interpret these reductions as evidence for white matter degeneration in these loci. In particular, the degeneration of the corpus callosum suggests the presence of neurodegeneration of the brain beyond what can be explained on the basis of propagated retinal and pre\u2010geniculate damage. We discuss how this finding links to the emerging view that a brain component that is independent from the eye damage plays a role in the aetiology of glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T16:06:23Z","timestamp":1461686783000},"page":"344-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Neurodegeneration beyond the primary visual pathways in a population with a high incidence of normal\u2010pressure glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Christine C.","family":"Boucard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Hanekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Branislava","family":"\u0106ur\u010di\u0107\u2010Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Ebara Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frans W.","family":"Cornelissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Terminology and Guidelines for\u00a0Glaucoma. 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